NATO's Secret 'Gladio' Operation in Italy During Cold War

Primul articol: 10 apr. 2026, 12:16 | Ultima actualizare: 10 apr. 2026, 12:16 | | 1 articol

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During the Cold War, NATO implemented a secret operation known as "Gladio" in Italy. This clandestine network was intended to serve as a resistance force in the event of a Soviet invasion. However, the operation's existence and activities have been shrouded in controversy, with critics questioning its impact on Italian politics and its potential involvement in acts of violence.

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Gladio: NATO’s secret cold war operation in Italy

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France 24 English Natalia MENDOZA 10 apr. 2026, 12:16 (acum 3 ore)

Gladio: NATO’s secret cold war operation in Italy

One of Europe’s biggest state secrets – and a scandal that still shakes Italy today – was a clandestine army set up by NATO after World War II to block the spread of communism. During the Cold War, cells of the network operated in around ten European countries. In Italy, the covert operation was known by the code name Gladio. Natalia Mendoza, Tommaso Marro, and Laura Roudaut report.

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Context

NATO

Organizația Tratatului Atlanticului de Nord este o alianță militară interguvernamentală formată din 32 de state membre – 30 europene și 2 nord-americane. Înființată în urma celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, organizația implementează Tratatul Atlanticului de Nord, semnat la Washington, D.C., la 4 aprilie 1949. NATO este un sistem de securitate colectivă: statele sale membre independente sunt de acord să se apere reciproc împotriva atacurilor din partea terților. În perioada Războiului Rece, NATO a funcționat ca un factor de echilibru față de amenințarea Uniunii Sovietice. Alianța a rămas activă și după dizolvarea Uniunii Sovietice și a Pactului de la Varșovia și a fost implicată în operațiuni militare în Balcani, Orientul Mijlociu, Asia de Sud și Africa. Deviza organizației „o minte neîngrădită în deliberare”.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. It consists of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice.

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Operation Gladio

Operation Gladio was the codename for clandestine "stay-behind" operations of armed resistance that were organized by the Western Union, and subsequently by NATO, and by the CIA, in collaboration with several European intelligence agencies during the Cold War. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were prepared in many NATO member countries, and in some neutral countries.

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Topic

Intelligence

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Sources

NATO's Secret 'Gladio' Operation in Italy During Cold War

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Gladio: NATO’s secret cold war operation in Italy